genetic notes 2
- Gregor Mendel is the "Father of Genetics"
- he was a mathematician and botanist and crossed breaded pea plants in a monostary
- mendel studies pea plant's seed shape color, pod shape, color, plant height, flower color, and flower position
- mendel cross pollinated plants with contrasting traits --called monohybrid cross
- when Mendel cross pollinated a short plant and a tall plant, he found that all of the plants came out tall. (dominate gene)
- filial = latin word for child
- Law of segregation: the offspring receives two copies from each unit, and that the organisms donate a single unit in their sex cells, and the two copies separate during formation.
- some traits are dominant over the other. while other traits are recessive
- Tt X Tt F1 plant
^ ^ Segregation
T t Tt Gametes
- recessive traits can only be seen when there are two recessive traits
- hereditary units are called genes and genes are in chromosomes which is a piece of DNA
- the location of a gene on a chromosome is called the locus
- sexual reproductive organisms (humans) have an even number of chromosomes because half are from the father (23) and half from the mother (23) to equal the total (46)
- each form of a gene is called an allele
- homozygous recessive and dominant are the cells with the same (YY or yy)
- heterozygous are cells with different (Yy)
- Phenotype is the physical characteristics
- Genotypes are the code for a trait
- you can use punnett squares to find the probability of what trait you will receive
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
QUESTIONS
- Mendel was able to control his experiments by cutting off the self pollinator so that the plants could not self pollinate.
- Mendel's conclusions that led to the law of segregation was that organisms will get two copies of each unit from each parent and that when organisms donate one unit of inheritance, the two copies separate.
- The Punnett Square helped show which unit each parent would donate and what the physical appearance would be of the organism depending on the type.
- All of the terms, homologous chromosomes, locus, genes, recessive, alleles, and dominant all talk about genes.
- B= black fur b= white fur
B B
B BB BB
b Bb Bb
0% of offspring will have white fur.